A kind of parallel universe is taking shape in Nigeria’s foreign-exchange market.
The African country’s traditional forwards market is facing competition from an upstart based on the new exchange-rate window policy makers opened six weeks ago. Bond investors and speculators are switching away from non-deliverable forwards that are linked to the main interbank exchange rate, which is tightly controlled by the central bank, and embracing the more liberal pricing mechanism.
As Nigeria takes tentative steps toward freeing its currency amid economic turmoil caused by lower oil prices and a shortage of dollars, the emergence of a separate NDF market underlines investors’ growing confidence in the so-called Nafex window. Traders expect the forwards to give them greater control in predicting future exchange rates and raise the appeal of carry trades in naira assets.
Africa’s biggest oil producer has suffered from a scarcity of foreign exchange since crude prices crashed in 2014, a problem the central bank exacerbated by tightening capital controls. Governor Godwin Emefiele changed tack on April 24 by opening the Nafex window and allowing the naira to drop to around the same level as the black-market rate within it, even while keeping a tight grip on the interbank rate.
The naira trades at 324.5 per dollar on the interbank market and 375.08 on the Nafex market. Nifex NDFs linked to the interbank rate, of which around $20 million to $50 million-worth trade each day, fell 0.7 percent to 354.5 for six-month contracts as of 1:00 p.m. in Lagos. Similar-maturity Nafex contracts were bid at 382 and offered at 397, compared with 390 and 405 on Wednesday, according to Gadio.
Forward contracts are sometimes used by investors who own naira bonds to hedge against movements in the currency. Others use them purely to bet on how much the naira will weaken.